Rhetoric 174: Rhetoric of Science: Stem Cells and Society
Spring 2007
Location: TuTh 1230-2P, 20 WHEELER
Course Control Number: 77935
Units/Credit: 4
Final Exam Group: 15
Instructor: Charis M. Thompson
Office: 3412 Dwinelle Hall
510-642 8528
Spring Office Hours: Friday 10-12 a.m.
charis@berkeley.edu
***Class fulfills requirement for a class in the Ethical, Social, and Legal Implications of Stem Cell Research for CIRM Scholars, California Institute of Regenerative Medicine Training Grant, UC Berkeley***
Requirements:
•Attendance in class (any absences must be excused)
•Active participation in Q&A and small group activities
•On-time delivery of all assignments
•Respect for one another’s opinions
•Willingness to work hard to understand the points of view of others
•Willingness to think about problems from different methodological and disciplinary perspectives
Course Assessment:
Course requirements (attendance, participation, etc)………..……………...25%
Midterm……………………………………………………………………..25%
Final assignment, task 1………………………………………………..……10%
Final assignment, task 2……………………………………………………..10%
Final paper………………………………………………………………..…30%
Reading and Required Books:
All reading is either available online (url’s given in syllabus) or is contained in one of the following four required and two recommended books:
Required:
1. Scott, Christopher Thomas, 2005. Stem Cell Now: A Brief Introduction to the Coming Medical Revolution. Plume.
2. Squier, Susan, 2004. Liminal Lives: Imagining the Human at the Frontiers of Biomedicine. Duke University Press.
3. Waldby, Catherine, and Robert Mitchell, 2006. Tissue Economies: Blood, Organs, and Cell Lines in Late Capitalism. Duke University Press.
4. Waters, Brent, and Ronald Cole-Turner, eds., 2003. God and the Embryo: Religious Voices on Stem Cells and Cloning. Georgetown University Press.
Recommended:
1. Petryna, Adriana, Andrew Lakoff, and Arthur Kleinman, eds., 2006. Global Pharmaceuticals: Ethics, Markets, and Practices. Duke University Press
2. Thompson, Charis, 2005. Making Parents: The Ontological Choreography of Reproductive Technologies. MIT Press.
Structure of Classes:
1. Stem Cell Science in Society Then, Now, and Next
1a) Science and Modernity
1b) Framings
1c) Media and Popular Culture
2. Ethics and Values
2a) Procurement
2b) Informed Consent
2c) Justice
3. Law, Politics, Governance, and Economics
3a) Legalities
3b) Markets
3c) Governance
Schedule of Classes:
Stem Cell Science in Society Then, Now, and Next
Tuesday January 9, 2007: From ELSI to ELSPETH: introductory lecture on approach and scope of the class, how you will be evaluated and what you will know at the end of it.
Reading: Stem Cells Now – this text should be used for understanding of the issues; read as you deem appropriate throughout the semester.
1a) History
Thursday January 11: Science and Democracy from Eugenics to the Aftermath of WWII and the Cold War
Reading: i) HYPERLINK "http://www.nsf.gov/about/history/vbush1945.htm" http://www.nsf.gov/about/history/vbush1945.htm
Bush, Vannevar, 1945. Science The Endless Frontier
ii) HYPERLINK "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v402/n6761supp/full/402c81a0_fs.html" http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v402/n6761supp/full/402c81a0_fs.html Gibbons, Michael, 1999. “Science’s New Social Contract with Society,” Nature 402:C81
Tuesday January 16: The Roles of the Academy / Industry / Government / Military / Public / Private in Funding and Directing Translational, “Bench to Bedside” Biomedicine
Reading: i) HYPERLINK "http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/300/5617/286" http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/300/5617/286
Collins, Francis S., Michael Morgan, Aristides Patrinos, 2003: “The Human Genome Project: Lessons from Large-Scale Biology,” Science Vol. 300, 5617: 286 – 290
ii) HYPERLINK "http://www.cirm.ca.gov/" http://www.cirm.ca.gov/
Proposition 71: The California Stem Cell Research and Cures Act
Thursday January 18: History of Stem Cell Research: From Nuclear Medicine to (E)nucleated Medicine
Reading: i) J. E. Till, E. A. McCulloch, and L. Siminovitch, 1964. “A Stochastic Model of Stem Cell Proliferation, Based on the Growth of Spleen Colony-Forming Cells,” Proc Natl Acad Sci, January; 51(1): 29–36;
ii) Martin, G.R.,1981. “Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells,” Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.: 78, 7634–7638.
iii) Evans, M., and Kaufman, M.H.,1981. “Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos,” Nature 292, 154–155;
iv) Wilmut, Ian, A. E. Schnieke, J. McWhir, A. J. Kind & K. H. S. Campbell, 1997. “Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells,” Nature 385, 810 - 813
v) Thomson, J.A., Itskovitz-Eldor, J., Shapiro, S.S., Waknitz, M.A., Swiergiel, J.J., Marshall, V.S., and Jones, J.M.,1998. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts,” Science 282, 1145–1147.
1b) Framings
Tuesday January 23: Who Supports and Who Opposes (which kinds of) Stem Cell Research and Why?
Reading: i) HYPERLINK "http://www.godandscience.org/doctrine/stemcell.html" http://www.godandscience.org/doctrine/stemcell.html
“Arguments Against Proposition 71: The California Stem Cell Research and Cures Initiative,”
ii) HYPERLINK "http://www.curesforcalifornia.com/" http://www.curesforcalifornia.com/
“Curing Diseases and Saving Lives”
Thursday January 25: Lines in the Sand: Human Futures and Inheritable Genetic Modification; Rejuvenation and Reanimation
Reading: i) “The Hybrid Embryo and Xenogenic Desire,” and “Incubabies and Rejuvenates: The Traffic Between Technologies of Reproduction and Age Extension,” in Liminal Lives, pp. 89-111 and146-167
ii) HYPERLINK "http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/articles/berg/index.html" http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/articles/berg/index.html
Berg, Paul, 2004. “Asilomar and Recombinant DNA,”
Tuesday January 30: In the Shadow of Abortion Politics: “Leftover” Embryos, Therapeutic / Research Cloning (SCNT) and Reproductive Cloning
Reading: i) HYPERLINK "http://www.nightlight.org/snowflakeadoption.htm" http://www.nightlight.org/snowflakeadoption.htm
“Nightlight Adoptions Snowflakes Program.”
ii) HYPERLINK "http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning.shtml" http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning.shtml
"Cloning Fact Sheet."
1c) Media and Popular Culture
Thursday February 1: Public Understanding of Science: Stem Cell Hype and Hope in the Media and the Role of Education
Reading: i) HYPERLINK "http://www.cirm.ca.gov/strat/" http://www.cirm.ca.gov/strat/
“CIRM Draft Scientific Strategic Plan, October 2006.”
ii) HYPERLINK "http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4213566.stm" http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4213566.stm
“Winston Warns of Stem Cell Hype.”
Tuesday February 6: Regenerative Medicine in Fiction and Film
Watch: Dirty Pretty Things (2002) Directed by Stephen Frears, on reserve, Media Library
Reading: “Transplant Medicine and Transformative Narrative,” and “The Pluripotent Discourse of Stem Cells,” Liminal Lives, pp. 168-213 and 253-280
2) Ethics
Thursday February 8: Guest lecture: California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Ethics and Accountability, Geoff Lomax, PhD., CIRM Senior Officer for Medical and Ethical Standards
Reading: TBA
2a) Procurement
Tuesday February 13: The Moral Status of the Embryo and Beyond. Guest Lecture on Christian Perspectives on Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Nancy Duff, Professor of Christian Ethics, Princeton Theological Seminary
Reading: “Religion Meets Research,” and “What is the Appropriate Contribution of Religious Communities in the Public Debate on Embryonic Stem Cell Research,” pp. 7-28, and browse through “Appendices,” pp. 163- 221, God and the Embryo.
Thursday February 15: Trafficking in Persons?: Procuring Embryos, Gametes, or Tissue from Cadaver, Biopsy, or Fetuses for Stem Cell Research
Reading: i) “Introduction: Gifts, Commodities, and Human Tissues,” “Disentangling the Embryonic Gift,” pp. 1-34 and 59-82, Tissue Economies.
ii) HYPERLINK "http://www.asrm.org" http://www.asrm.org
Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, 2004. “Disposition of Abandoned Embryos,” Fertility and Sterility 82:1: S253
iii) “The Sacred and Profane Human Embryo: A biomedical Mode of (Re)Production?” pp. 245-276, Making Parents.
Tuesday February 20: Women’s Health, Feminism, and Egg Donation: Procurement, Provenance, Payment, Participation
Reading: i) HYPERLINK "http://www.asrm.org/Media/Press/policyeggdonation.htmlPolicy" http://www.asrm.org/Media/Press/policyeggdonation.htmlPolicy
“Part II: Egg Donation: Cost of Implementing FDA Regulations; Influence of Donor Compensation in Recruitment; Donor Agencies’ Compliance with ASRM Guidelines, October 24, 2006.”
ii) HYPERLINK "http://www.genetics-and-society.org/resources/background/eggextraction.html" http://www.genetics-and-society.org/resources/background/eggextraction.html
“Egg Extraction For Stem Cell Research: Issues for Women’s Health.”
iii) HYPERLINK "http://www.iom.edu/CMS/3740/36353/36363/36365.aspx" http://www.iom.edu/CMS/3740/36353/36363/36365.aspx
“IOM Agenda. Public Workshop on Assessing the Medical Risks of Human Oocyte Donation for Stem Cell Research., September 2006” (view agenda topics).
iv) Thompson, Charis, 2007. “Why We Should Pay Egg Donors,” forthcoming in Regenerative Medicine.
Thursday February 22: Alternative Sources of Pluripotent Stem Cells
Reading: i) HYPERLINK "http://bioethics.gov/reports/white_paper/text.html" http://bioethics.gov/reports/white_paper/text.html
“Alternative Sources of Pluripotent Stem Cells,” President’s Council on Bioethics
ii) Klimanskaya, Irina, Young Chung, Sandy Becker, Shi-Jiang Lu, and Robert Lanza, 2006. “Human embryonic stem cell lines derived from single blastomeres,” Nature, advance online publication 23 August 2006.
ii) Turnpennya, Lee, Sarah Brickwooda, Cosma M. Spallutoa, Karen Pipera, Iain T. Cameronb, David I. Wilsona, Neil A. Hanleya, 2003. “Derivation of Human Embryonic Germ Cells: An Alternative Source of Pluripotent Stem Cells,” Stem Cells 21:598-609
iii) Blelloch, Robert, Zhongde Wanga, Alex Meissnera, Steven Pollard, Austin Smith, Rudolf Jaenisch, 2006. “Reprogramming Efficiency Following Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Is Influenced by the Differentiation and Methylation State of the Donor Nucleus,” Stem Cells 24, 9: 2007-2013.
iv) Cowan, Chad, Jocelyn Atienza, Douglas A. Melton, Kevin Eggan, 2005. “Nuclear Reprogramming of Somatic Cells After Fusion with Human Embryonic,” Stem Cells 309, 5739: 1369–1373.
v) Taranger, Christel K., Agate Noer, Anita L. Sørensen, Anne-Mari Håkelien, Andrew C. Boquest, and Philippe Collas, 2005. “Induction of Dedifferentiation, Genomewide Transcriptional Programming, and Epigenetic Reprogramming by Extracts of Carcinoma and Embryonic Stem Cells,” MBC Vol. 16, Issue 12, 5719-5735
Tuesday February 27: Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis for Adult and Embryonic Stem Cell Extraction / Derivation: Savior Siblings, Designer Babies, Diseases in a Dish
Reading: i) HYPERLINK "http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/323/7323/1240" http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/323/7323/1240
Boyle, Robert, and Julian Savulescu, 2001. “Ethics of using preimplantation genetic diagnosis to select a stem cell donor for an existing person,” BMJ 2001;323:1240-1243
ii) de Wert, Guido, 2005. “Preimplantation genetic diagnosis: the ethics of intermediate cases,” Human Reproduction 2005 20(12):3261-3266
2b) Informed Consent
Thursday March 1: History of Biomedical Ethics: The Principles
Reading: HYPERLINK "http://ohsr.od.nih.gov/guidelines/guidelines.html" http://ohsr.od.nih.gov/guidelines/guidelines.html
“The Belmont Report,” “Nuremberg Code,” and “World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.”
Tuesday March 6: Clinical Trials and Informed Consent for Stem Cell Therapies
Reading: i) HYPERLINK "http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/info/resources" http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/info/resources
“An Introduction to Clinical Trials,” and “Participation in Clinical Trials.”
ii) HYPERLINK "http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6394957" http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6394957
“Stem Cell Inc.’s Neural Stem Cell Clinical Trial for Batten’s Disease.”
iii) “Globalizing Human Subjects Research,” pp. 33-60, Global Pharmaceuticals.
Thursday March 8: Chimeras and Animal Rights
Reading: i) HYPERLINK "http://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/chimeras/qanda.html" http://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/chimeras/qanda.html
“What are Chimeras and Why are they Created?”
ii) HYPERLINK "http://www.iacuc.org/" http://www.iacuc.org/
iii) HYPERLINK "http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/308/5728/1538" http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/308/5728/1538
Gunjan Sinha, 2005. “Human Embryonic Stem Cells May Be Toxicology's New Best Friends,” Science Vol. 308. no. 5728, p. 1538
iv) HYPERLINK "http://phgu.org.uk/ecard.php?link_ID=2798" http://phgu.org.uk/ecard.php?link_ID=2798
Brice, Philippa, 2006. “Human-cow chimeric embryos for stem cell research,” PHGU Newsletter, 7 November 2006
Tuesday March 13: Research Ethics / Integrity: Why/ how did Hwang-gate happen and how do we stop it from happening again?
Reading: i) HYPERLINK "http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/compliance/ethics/" http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/compliance/ethics/
UC Ethics Website
ii) HYPERLINK "http://www.sciencemag.org/sciext/hwang2005/" http://www.sciencemag.org/sciext/hwang2005/
Hwang Scandal
iii) HYPERLINK "http://www.nature.com/news/2005/051219/full/051219-3.html" http://www.nature.com/news/2005/051219/full/051219-3.html
“Timeline of a Controversy.”
2c) Justice
Thursday March 15: Distributive Justice: access and affordability, education and market opportunity, risk and benefit, research and health priorities
Reading: HYPERLINK "http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0030126" http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv?request=getdocument&doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0030126
Goozner, Merrill, 2006. “Innovation in Biomedicine: Can Stem Cell Research Lead the Way to Affordability?” PLoS Med 3(5): e126
Tuesday March 20: Diversity in California’s Stem Cell Initiative
Reading: HYPERLINK "http://www.greenlining.org/program/research.php" http://www.greenlining.org/program/research.php “Toward Fair Cures: Diversity Policies in Stem Cell Research,” “Toward Fair Cures: Issues in the Medical Research Process,” and “Economic Development and Stem Cell Research.”
Thursday March 22: Disability Rights and Patient Stem Cell Advocacy: Health Social Movements and Medical and Social Models of Disease
Watch: HYPERLINK "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9WB_PXjTBo" www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9WB_PXjTBo
“Michael J. Fox on Stem Cells.”
HYPERLINK "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkA1aN1osVk" www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkA1aN1osVk
Michael J. Fox (with Parkinsons) talks Stem Cell Research.”
Reading: HYPERLINK "http://www.leeds.ac.uk/disability-studies/archiveuk/Crow/exploring%20the%20divide%20ch4.pdf" www.leeds.ac.uk/disability-studies/archiveuk/Crow/exploring%20the%20divide%20ch4.pdf
Crow, Liz, 1996. “Including All Of Our Lives: Renewing The Social Model Of
Disability,” in Colin Barnes and Geof Mercer, eds., Exploring the Divide, Leeds: The Disability Press, pp. 55 – 72.
—————Spring Break: March 26-March 30—————
Tuesday April 3: In-class midterm: short answers, must answer four of six questions
No reading: prepare for exam based on lectures and reading
Thursday April 5: Guest lecture: Christopher Thomas Scott, Stanford University, Director, Stem Cells and Society
Reading: Stem Cell Now - finish
Introduction of final project requirements
3) The Law, Politics, Governance, Business, and Economics:
3a) Legalities
Tuesday April 10: Bayh-Dole, the Spur to Innovation, Intellectual Property Rights, and Material Transfer Agreements
Reading: HYPERLINK "http://www.ucop.edu/ott/faculty/bayh.html" http://www.ucop.edu/ott/faculty/bayh.html
“The Bayh-Dole Act: A Guide To The Law And Implementing Regulations.”
Part 1 of final paper due in: name of interview contact, or film/book archive, and 5 item bibliography, at least three of which must be drawn from class readings
Thursday April 12: IP in local, national, and international contexts and its commercial implications. Guest lecture: Kenneth Taymor on CIRM IP Policies in context of national and international IP, and commercialization prospects
Reading: TBA
Tuesday April 17: Regenerative Medicine and Privacy Guest Lecture, Deirdre Mulligan, Law and Technology Center, UC Berkeley.
Reading: HYPERLINK "http://aspe.hhs.gov/admnsimp/pl104191.htm" http://aspe.hhs.gov/admnsimp/pl104191.htm
“Health Insurance Portability And Accountability Act Of 1996.”
3b) Markets
Thursday April 19: Will Stem Cell Research in California Make, Save, or Cost Money?
Reading: HYPERLINK "http://region.princeton.edu/media/pub/pub_xtra_19.pdf" http://region.princeton.edu/media/pub/pub_xtra_19.pdf
Noll, Roger, 2005. “The Politics and Economics of Implementing State-Sponsored Embryonic Stem Cell Research.”
Tuesday April 24: R&D Concerns: Scaling Stem Cell Based Therapies; Bridging Animal Models to Clinical Trials; Promise of in vitro Stem Cell Research
Reading: i) HYPERLINK "http://www.ansci.wisc.edu/facstaff/Faculty/pages/cezar/pubs.htm" http://www.ansci.wisc.edu/facstaff/Faculty/pages/cezar/pubs.htm
“New Stem Cell Safety Sciences laboratory,” Wisconsin Association for Biomedical Research and Education. (Biosciences Wisconsin 2006)
ii) HYPERLINK "http://www.genengnews.com/articles/chitem.aspx?aid=1806&chid=3" http://www.genengnews.com/articles/chitem.aspx?aid=1806&chid=3
Liszewski, Kathy, 2006. “Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine Tissue Engineering and Cell-based Therapies Go Beyond the Therapeutic Reach of a Pill,” Genetic Engineering News Jun 15 2006 (Vol. 26, No. 12)
3c) Governance
Thursday April 26: Biobanking: Guest lecture, Professor David Winickoff, UC Berkeley
Reading: Winickoff, 2006. “Bioethics and Stem Cell Banking in California,” Berkeley Technology Law Journal 21:3, 1067-1106
Tuesday May 1: Stem Cell Policy and Regulation in the US: NIH, National Academies of Science, State Laws
Reading: i) HYPERLINK "http://www.nap.edu/openbook/0309096537/html/index.html" http://www.nap.edu/openbook/0309096537/html/index.html
“Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research”
ii) HYPERLINK "http://stemcells.nih.gov/policy/" http://stemcells.nih.gov/policy/
“Federal Policy.”
iii) HYPERLINK "http://www.ncsl.org/programs/health/Genetics/embfet.htm" http://www.ncsl.org/programs/health/Genetics/embfet.htm
“State Embryonic and Fetal Research Laws”
Part 2: transcript or extensive notes on interview, or text/film analysis due in
Thursday May 3: Stem Cell Research Around the World: Religion, Culture, Regulation
Reading: Available through HYPERLINK "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content" http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content
Isasi R., and Knoppers B.M., 2006. “Mind the Gap: Policy Approaches to Embryonic Stem Cell and Cloning Research in 50 Countries,” Volume 13, Number 1, 2006, pp. 9-25(17)
Tuesday May 8: Wrap Up lecture / Q&A
Reading:
Final Paper due Friday May 11, drop off at my office by noon.